Kumeno Teitaro (1865-1939) from Nagoya (Japan) was considered the best master in the use of transparent enamels. Although he worked in almost all the enameling techniques known at that time, which he skillfully combined and applied to one product.
The ginbari technique is a variant of the Japanese enameling technique, in which a relief pattern is first created on a metal silver-plated blank by engraving or chasing. Then the master creates a sense of three-dimensionality by forging some areas in relief, onto which cloisonné or wireless enamels are applied, which in itself is a considerable technical task. At the last stage, transparent background enamel is applied, changing in intensity and color in places, which required additional firing. Each of these processes was labor-intensive and expensive. But the result was worth it: the engraved design shines through the transparent enamel, and the silver coating gives a special glow to the enamel coating. It was Kumeno Teitaro who created the best examples of ginbari vases.
Kumeno Teitaro opened his own studio in 1882 and exhibited at many national and international exhibitions, including Nuremberg in 1885, Paris in 1889 (where he was awarded a silver medal), Chicago in 1893. In St. Louis in 1904, his works received the Grand Prix, and in Liege in 1905 – a gold medal.